An extremophile can be one of many different types of organisms. Some are aerobic and some anaerobic. Some exist best in extreme environments consisting of high temperatures or low pH, while others require the complete opposite. Here are some of the most prominent types of extreme life scientists have found around the globe.

Extremophiles that Live in Extreme Temperature and pH Conditions

• Thermophiles and Hyperthermophiles: Thermophiles are heat loving extremophile microorganisms, preferring temperatures over 104 degrees F. Hyperthermophiles prefer even hotter conditions, over 176 degrees F. Most thermophilic microorganisms are bacteria and they can be found in places as extreme as hot springs, geysers and the insides of volcanoes. The most famous thermophile is Thermus aquaticus, source of the biotechnology compound Taq polymerase.

• Acidophiles and Alkaliphiles: These kind of extreme organisms love acidic or basic conditions (ph under 3.0 and over 9.0 respectively), such as inside the human stomach (an acidic environment) or in extremely alkaline lakes.

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